Test your knowledge using these questions! Each section is referenced
to the pages in the blue revision guide (book 2). (N.B.
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Topic 1: Uses of Metals - page 36 of the revision guide |
What
are the advantages of using iron and steel? |
They
are cheap and strong |
What
are the disadvantages of iron and steel? |
They
are heavy and likely to rust away (corrode) |
What
are the advantages of using aluminium? |
It
is lightweight (low density), strong and doesn’t corrode
because a protective covering of oxide quickly forms on the
metal. |
What
are the properties of copper? |
It
is a good conductor of heat and electricity and doesn’t
corrode |
Why
are water pipes made of copper? |
Because
copper doesn’t react with water (doesn’t corrode) |
Topic 2: Metal Ores - page 37 of the revision guide
|
What
do we call a mineral that contains enough metal to make it
worthwhile extracting? |
An
ore |
Which
metals were discovered first and why? |
The
less reactive metals (gold, iron, copper, tin) because they
are the easiest to extract from their ores (or are found as
the metal in rocks - e.g. gold, silver) |
What
is oxidation? |
1)
The addition of oxygen
2) The loss of electrons |
What
is reduction? |
1)
The loss of oxygen
2) The gain of electrons |
How
are metals extracted from their ores? |
By
reduction |
Name
the two most common ways of extracting metals from their ores |
1)
Chemical reduction using carbon or carbon monoxide
2) Electrolysis |
Why
can iron be extracted by heating with carbon monoxide but
aluminium only be extracted by electrolysis? |
Because
iron is less reactive than carbon but aluminium is more reactive
than carbon |
Topic 3: Extracting iron - page 38 of the revision
guide
|
What
are the four ingredients that take place in the extraction
of iron in the blast furnace? |
Iron
ore (haematite), coke (carbon), limestone and hot air |
What
is the role of oxygen (in the hot air) in the blast furnace? |
1)
To allow the coke to burn and generate enough heat (1500 degrees
C)
2) To react with carbon to produce carbon dioxide and then carbon
monoxide |
What
is the role of the limestone in the blast furnace? |
1)
To decompose to produce carbon dioxide (and then carbon monoxide)
2) To react with the impurities in iron ore (mainly sand) to
form the slag |
Topic 4: Extracting aluminium - page 39 of the revision
guide
|
Why
does aluminium oxide (bauxite) need to be molten for electrolysis
to work correctly? |
To
allow the ions to move |
Why
is cryolite mixed with bauxite before electrolysis? |
Lowers
the melting point from 2000 degrees C to 900 degrees C, which
makes it cheaper |
What
forms at the cathode (negative electrode) in the electrolysis
of aluminium oxide? |
Aluminium
metal |
What
forms at the anode (positive electrode)? |
Oxygen
gas which reacts with hot carbon of the anode to form carbon
dioxide |
Why
does the anode need replacing from time to time? |
Because
it burns away in the oxygen gas |
Why
is electrolysis expensive? |
It
requires lots of electricity. |
Topic 5: Purifying copper - page 40 of the revision
guide
|
Why
does copper need purifying by electrolysis? |
Because
the copper produced by reduction isn’t pure enough for
use in electrical conductors (e.g. wires) |
What
forms on the cathode in the purification of copper? |
Pure
copper |
What
happens at the anode? |
Copper
dissolves and leaves behind impurities that collects beneath
the anode as a sludge |
Topic 6: The transition metals - page 41 of the revision
guide
|
Where
are the transition metals found in the periodic table? |
In
the central block, between Group 2 and Group 3 |
What
are the common characteristics of the transition metals? |
1)
High melting point
2) High density (heavy)
3) Strong and shiny
4) Used as catalysts
5) Form colourful compounds
6) Produce useful alloys - e.g. brass |
Topic 7: The alkali metals - page 42 of the revision
guide
|
Name
the top three alkali metals in the periodic table in order |
Lithium,
sodium, potassium |
What
happens to the reactivity of the alkali metals as you go down
group 1? |
They
become more reactive |
Why
are the alkali metals together in group 1? |
They
share similar chemical properties because they all have one
electron in their outer shell. |
What
type of ions do the alkali metals form? |
1+
ions |
What
substances are produced when an alkali metal reacts with water? |
A
metal hydroxide (i.e. sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide
or lithium hydroxide) and hydrogen gas. |
Topic 8: The electrolysis of salt - page 43 of the revision
guide |
What
are the products of the electrolysis of salt water? (brine) |
Hydrogen
gas, chlorine gas and sodium hydroxide |
What
is the hydrogen produced used for? |
As
an ingedient in the Haber process for making ammoniaHydrogenating
oils (e.g. to make margarine) |
What
is the chlorine used for? |
Disinfectants,
bleaches, plastics, insecticides |
What
is the sodium hydroxide used for? |
Soap,
oven cleaner, ceramics |
Topic 9: The Rock Cycle and rocks - page 44 / 45 of the revision
guide
|
How
are sedimentary rocks formed? |
Sediments
eroded from rock are deposited in lakes or seas and over millions
of years are buried and squashed. Water is squeezed out from
between the particles, salts crystallize out and stick the particles
together. |
How
are igneous rocks formed? |
Molten
magma cools down. |
What
are intrusive igneous rocks and what do they look like? |
They
have formed by magma cooling within the earth’s crust.
Because the magma has cooled slowly they have large crystals. |
What
are extrusive igneous rocks and what do they look like? |
They
are formed when magma (lava) cools quickly on the Earth’s
surface (has been thrown from a volcano). Because the magma
has cooled quickly the rocks have small crystals. |
How
are metamorphic rocks formed? |
By
heat and pressure changing the structure and texture of other
rock types |
Identify
the following rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic: |
|
Granite |
Igneous
(intrusive) |
Marble |
Metamorphic |
Sandstone |
Sedimentary |
Limestone |
Sedimentary |
Basalt |
Igneous
(extrusive) |
Slate |
Metamorphic |
Topic 10: The Atmosphere - page 46 of the revision
guide
|
What
is the composition of air today? |
78%
Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
0.04% Carbon Dioxide
1% Argon and other noble gases |
Topic 11: Reversible Reactions - p. 47 of the revision guide
|
What
is a reversible reaction? |
A
reaction where the products of the reaction can themselves react
to produce the original reactants (substances that reacted) |
What
is a dynamic equilibrium? |
The
amounts of all substances in the reversible reaction stay the
same (equilibrium) because the forwards and backwards reactions
are going at the same rate (hence dynamic) |
What
happens if the temperature is increased in a reversible reaction? |
The
reaction that takes in heat (the endothermic reaction) will
occur more quickly |
What
happens if the pressure is increased in a reversible reaction? |
The
reaction that produces fewer molecules occurs more quickly.
|
Topic 12: The Haber Process - page 48 of the revision guide |
What
is the Haber Process? |
The
industrial process used to make ammonia, |
Where
does the nitrogen used in the Haber process come from? |
The
air |
What
is ammonia used for? |
Making
fertilisers and nitric acid |
What
are the conditions necessary for the Haber process? |
Pressure:
200 atmospheres
Temperature: 450 degrees C
Catalyst: Iron |
What
type of reaction takes place in the Haber process? |
A
reversible reaction |
Topic 13: Fertilisers - page 50 of the revision guide |
What
is eutrophication? |
Fertilisers
end up in lakes and streams where they lead to rapid growth
of plants in the water (e.g. algae). When these plants dies
and are decomposed by bacteria, oxygen is removed from the water,
leading to the death of fish and other creatures in the water. |
Why
do plants need fertiliser? |
To
help them grow (need nitrogen in fertiliser for protein) |
Topic 14: The Noble Gases - page 51 of the revision guide |
What
is helium used for? |
Airships
and party balloons |
What
is Neon used for? |
Electrical
discharge tubes (lighting + neon signs) |
What
is Argon used for? |
Light
bulbs |
What
are the chemical properties of the noble gases? |
They
are very unreactive (inert) because they all have a full outer
shell of electrons. |
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